Maritza García-Espinosa, Servicio Complicaciones de la Segunda Mitad del Embarazo, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Claudia E. Manríquez-de Jesús, Departamento de Enseñanza, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Carlos F. Rosales-Murillo, División de Obstetricia. Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Felipe Caldiño-Soto, División de Obstetricia. Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Introduction: Twin pregnancy through assisted reproduction techniques is increasing, as are the associated complications. Objective: Compare maternal and perinatal complications associated with spontaneous twin pregnancy and through assisted reproduction techniques (ART). Material and methods: Retrospective comparative and controlled study. It included 208 patients treated at the UMAE HGO 4 of the IMSS, divided into two groups according to the method of conception (spontaneous vs ART), comparing maternal and perinatal complications. Quantitative variables were compared with the student’s T or Mann Whitney U test and qualitative variables with the chi-square test. The probability ratio was calculated with a 95 % confidence interval, with statistical significance p < 0.05. Results: 208 patients with twin pregnancies were included; 104 (50%) conceived spontaneously and 104 (50%) by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Maternal complications were higher in the ART group: preterm delivery (84.6 vs 60.5%), hypertensive disease (43.2 vs 19.2%), gestational diabetes (38.1 vs 24.8%), and obstetric hemorrhage (41.9 vs 25.7%). Prematurity and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in the ART group. Conclusions: Twin pregnancy due to ART increases the risk of maternal and perinatal complications, which forces us to improve prenatal control with a risk approach.
Keywords: Pregnancy twin. Hypertension. Preterm labor. Assisted reproduction techniques.