Renatta Pitol-Martínez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Veracruzana, Ciudad Guzmán, Veracruz, México
Karla A. Arellano-Jaras, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
Alfonso Ruiz-Romero, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina y Oncología Genómica, Hospital Gineco Pediatría 3A, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Karen Gutiérrez-Calderón, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia, Michoacán, México
Ximena S. Nava-Torres, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
Juan P. de Ita-Bonilla, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
Osman J. Gudiño-Flores, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México
Alejandra Hernández-Padilla, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
Priscila B. López-Cebreros, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
Diego Coutiño-Borraz, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
Marco A. Fuentes-García, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina y Oncología Genómica, Hospital Gineco Pediatría 3A, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Ricardo López-Romero, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina y Oncología Genómica, Hospital Gineco Pediatría 3A, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
Mauricio Salcedo, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina y Oncología Genómica, Hospital Gineco Pediatría 3A, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
At present, middle- and low-income countries including Mexico, are still using cervical smear or Pap as the first screening test for early cervical cancer and its precursor lesions detection. In addition, there are primary prevention programs that include vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), targeting girls and boys, as well as certain vulnerable groups. As part of the efforts to address and eliminate this health problem, research networks in various developed countries are focusing on new procedures that can help resolve this issue, and, in addition to the Pap test, they are already routinely performing molecular HPV testing. However, the availability of supplies and trained personnel for molecular or biochemical tests, as well as the psychosocial obstacles could be some challenges. Therefore, it is essential to implement novel methods for the collection of human fluids sample and for conducting molecular HPV tests in low-income countries with diverse cultural contexts. In this context, non-invasive self-collection of the sample could be a viable, affordable, and accurate solution for detecting the primary etiological factor of cervical lesions; thus, the early detection of those pathologies would potentially have a global impact. This review presents data supporting and justifying the present alternatives; it is not a fashion; it is a necessity.
Keywords: Detection. Premalignant lesions. Urine. Non-invasive tools. Menstrual blood. Human papillomavirus.